368 



CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. 



when inhaled, and an odor resembling that of oil of bitter almond, 

 for which it is substituted under the name of essence ofmirbane. It 

 is manufactured on a large scale and used chiefly in the preparation 

 of aniline, for which see Index. 



Benzene-derivatives. The relation existing between methane- 

 and benzene-derivatives may be shown by comparing the composition 

 of a few derivatives : 



The following graphic formulas may serve to illustrate the consti- 

 tution of some aromatic compounds : 



Alcohols. 

 OH 



Hydrocarbons. 

 H 



A 



C0 2 H 





1 



C 



H 



A. 



Benzene, C 6 H 6 . 



Phenol or carbolic acid, 

 C 6 H 5 .OH. 



Benzoic acid, C 6 H 5 .CO 2 H. 



H 



OH 



J, 



C0 2 H 



\ 



H 



H 



A 



Nitro-benzene, C 6 H 6 NO a . 



Resorcin, C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . 



XC0 2 H 



\H 



Phtalic acid, C 6 H 4 (C0 2 H) 2 . 



