392 CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. 



Cocaine, C n H 21 NO 4 Erythroxylon coca. 



Veratrine, ? Asagrsea officinalis. 



Aconitine, C 33 H 4 5NO 12 Aconitum napellus. 



Colchicine, C 22 H 25 NO 6 Colchicum autumnale. 



Berberine, C 20 H 17 NO 4 Berberis vulgaris. 



Hydrastine, C 21 H 21 NO 6 j Hydrastis canadensis. 



Hydrastinine, CnHnNOg 



Physostigmine, C 15 H 21 N 3 O 2 Calabar bean. 



Pilocarpine, C U H 16 N 2 O 2 Pilocarpus. 



Caffeine, C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 + H 2 O Coffee, tea. 



Theobromine, C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2 Seeds of theobroma cacao. 



Sparteine, C 15 H 26 N 2 . This alkaloid, found in scoparius (broom, 

 Irish broom), is a colorless, oily liquid, turning brown on exposure 

 to air and light. It has a slight aniline-like odor. 



Sparteine sulphate, C 15 H 26 N 2 H 2 S0 4 + 411,0, is obtained by saturating the 

 alkaloid with sulphuric acid ; it is a colorless, crystalline salt, readily soluble 

 in water. An ethereal solution of the salt, to which a few drops of ammonia 

 water have been added, deposits on the addition of an ethereal solution of 

 iodine, minute dark greenish-brown crystals. 



Coniine, C 8 H 17 N, occurs in conium maculatum (hemlock), accom- 

 panied by two other alkaloids. It is a colorless, oily liquid, having 

 a disagreeable, penetrating odor. 



Nicotine, C 10 H 14 N 2 . Tobacco leaves contain from 2 to 8 per cent, 

 of nicotine, which is a colorless, oily liquid, having a caustic taste 

 and a disagreeable, penetrating odor. It gives with hydrochloric 

 acid a violet, with nitric acid an orange color. 



Opium is the concrete, milky exudation obtained, in the Orient, 

 by incising the unripe capsules of papaver somniferum, poppy. 

 Chemically, opium is a mixture of a large number of substances, 

 containing besides glucose, fat, gum, albumin, wax, volatile and 

 coloring matter, meconic acid, etc., not less than sixteen or eighteen 

 different alkaloids, many of which are, however, present in minute 

 quantities. 



Ordinary opium should contain not less than 9 per cent., and when 

 dried at 85 C. (185 F.) from 13 to 15 per cent, of morphine. 



Dried and powdered opium, after having been exhausted with 

 about ten times its weight of stronger ether (which dissolves chiefly 

 the narcotine, but not the morphine salts), the ethereal solution 

 filtered off, and the weight of the opium restored by sugar of milk, 

 forms the deodorized opium of the U. S. P. 



