50 DISEASES OF THE LUNGS 



and cheeks inflated at each expiration. The temperature 

 may rise to 103-104 F., possibly higher, but it does not 

 persist, falling by crisis in three or four days. Owing to the 

 aeration of the lungs being diminished the visible mucous 

 membranes become cyanotic. On auscultation the respira- 

 tory sounds will be increased, harsh and rough, and rales of 

 various kinds may be heard. At the base of the lung fine 

 crepitant or subcrepitant rales may be distinctly audible, 

 while over other parts sibilant or sonorous rales may be heard. 

 Percussion reveals only slight dulness. 



Diagnosis. Active congestion of the lungs in the beginning 

 possesses no distinctive characteristics, but resembles broncho- 

 pneumonia. As it progresses it will be readily distinguished 

 from this condition by the absence of hepatization and the 

 occurrence of the crisis on the fourth or fifth day. 



Prognosis. Usually favorable but in some cases pulmonary 

 edema with fatal results, or pneumonia may develop. The 

 affection is always to be looked upon as serious and one 

 demanding active treatment. 



Treatment. Hygienic. The animal must be kept in a warm 

 place and it is important that it be well ventilated. 



Dietetic. Give warm liquid foods (milk, beef tea, soups, 

 etc.). 



Medical. Magnesium sulphate (8.0-10.0 in cold water) 

 should be used as a hydragogue purgative. To equalize the 

 circulation tincture of aconite (0.01-0.1) or veratrum viride 

 (0.1-0.2) is beneficial and can be given every three to five 

 hours if necessary. Oil of mustard and glycerin (1-20) can 

 be applied to the walls of the thorax as a counterirritant. 

 When the initial intensity of the symptoms yields, then a 

 stimulating expectorant as ammonium chlorid should be used 

 as follows: 



I^ Ammonii chloridi 5.0 



Extract, glycyrrhizae 10.0 



Aquae 150.0 



Misce et fiat solutio. 



Sig. Give a teaspoonful three times a day. 



Passive Congestion. Etiology. This results from obstruc- 

 tion to the free outflow of the blood from the lungs to the 



