TUMORS OF THE PENIS AND PREPUCE 209 



Papillomata. These in most cases involve the prepuce. 

 They are small, benign growths, appearing usually as pedun- 

 culated warts. Sometimes they are found in large numbers 

 with irregular or cauliflower-like surfaces and are usually 

 found at the juncture of the skin and mucous membrane. 



Symptoms. They produce, as a rule, no marked symptoms 

 of any kind, except in some cases a catarrh al inflammation 

 of the prepuce (balanitis) . 



Treatment. Tumors should be removed with scissors as 

 close to the base as possible. Cauterize the base with silver 

 nitrate. A recurrence is unusual. 



Sarcomata, Epitheliomata and Carcinomata. These are 

 occasionally found involving the prepuce and penis. These 

 tumors are malignant and show much the same character- 

 istics from a clinical standpoint. 



Symptoms. In most cases these tumors involve the pre- 

 puce. They are characterized by their sudden development, 

 irregular outline, degenerative changes, and tendency to 

 spread into the adjacent tissues. They usually present a 

 raw, ulcerating surface, show a tendency to bleed, etc. 



Diagnosis. The diagnosis depends upon the characteristic 

 growth, and the microscopic findings. 



Treatment. In case a diagnosis of malignant tumor is 

 positively made, the results of treatment are only temporary. 

 Removal of the tumor is advised, and the incised portion 

 should contain not only all of the malignant growth but also 

 include a small portion of adjacent normal tissue. Malignant 

 tumors are liable to recur in a short time. 



Venereal Granulomata. This is a specific, infectious 

 tumor formation affecting the penis and prepuce of the dog. 

 It is transmitted in most cases by the act of copulation. 

 Affected stud dogs transmit it during coition. It may be 

 transmitted in rare instances by intermediary agents. It is 

 far more common in Europe than in the United States where 

 it has been introduced by imported stud dogs. The growth 

 seems to confine itself to the prepuce, penis, and immediately 

 adjacent tissues with involvement of the efferent lymphatics. 



Symptoms. Venereal granulomata are usually found only 

 in the best bred dogs. The early symptoms are redness, 



