ANIMAL PARASITES IN THE KIDNEY 409 



emaciated and exhausted. The urine is voided with difficulty, 

 containing blood and pus. Examined microscopically it 

 will reveal a pyelitis, and the eggs of the parasite. In some 

 instances after the renal tissue is completely destroyed, the 

 parasite will pass into the urethra where it becomes lodged. 

 It may burrow through the urethral wall and ultimately 

 lodge in either the pelvic fascia or work forward into the 

 abdominal cavity. Eventually it will produce inflammation 

 in the new location, resulting in abscess, perforation and 

 external fistula. Peritonitis may result following its entrance 

 into the abdominal cavity. 



Diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis can be made only by 

 finding the eggs in the urine by microscopic examination. 

 The symptoms would be much the same as those in pyelitis, 

 etc. 



Prognosis. \\hen the parasite has produced sufficient 

 pathological changes to bring about emaciation and exhaus- 

 tion, the prognosis is unfavorable. 



Treatment. Medical. Anihelmmtics are advisable, and 

 especially those which will be eliminated via the kidneys. 

 Turpentine (5.0 to 10.0) repeated in forty-eight hours, may 

 be given, if necessary. 



Surgical. Laparotomy may be performed, and direct 

 examination made. If the renal tissue is destroyed, nephrec- 

 tomy would be indicated. (See Renal Calculi.) 



Other Parasites in the Kidney. A few other species of 

 parasites are seen occasionally, but as they produce no effect 

 upon the host they are of no clinical importance. 



Cysticercus cellulosae and several forms of coccidia have 

 been found on autopsy. 



Birds are not uncommonly affected by coccidia. The 

 Eirneria avium (Coccidium tenellum) is the one most com- 

 monly found in poultry. Some general disturbances, such 

 as depression and loss of appetite, have been noted. The 

 birds die of uremic poisoning or exhaustion. 



