CATARRH OF THE BLADDER 419 



etc. The catheter should be inserted to differentiate from 

 calculi. 



Diagnosis. In acute cystitis a diagnosis can be made by 

 observing the symptoms, making a careful local examination, 

 and by analysis of the urine. Diseases of other portions of 

 the urinary tract should be considered. In chronic cystitis 

 the diagnosis is made by the examination of the urine, and 

 the local examination of the patient. Calculi in the bladder 

 and urethra should be excluded. 



Prognosis. In mild cases of acute cystitis the prognosis 

 is usually favorable. In severe cases, owing to the changes 

 which are produced in the walls of the bladder, the prognosis 

 is unfavorable. Chronic cystitis may run a long course 

 without producing any marked symptoms. Complete re- 

 covery is rare. By careful treatment considerable improve- 

 ment can be attained. 



Treatment. Dietetic. Non-stimulating food should be 

 given. Milk is perhaps the best as it contains a large per- 

 centage of water, which is desirable. Avoid giving meats 

 until the acute symptoms entirely disappear. 



Medical. Much can be done in acute cystitis by the 

 internal administration of antiseptics and disinfectants. 

 Urotropin (0.25-0.5) two or three times daily for dogs; cats 

 should receive about one-fourth the quantity. This prep- 

 aration produces a disinfectant action owing to the libera- 

 tion of formaldehyd gas. 



Helmitol (dog, 1.0-2.0; cat, 0.1-0.5) can also be used for the 

 same purpose, administered either in the form of a powder, 

 or may be given as a subcutaneous injection in 10 per cent, 

 solution. 



Salol, salicylic acid, and resorcin may be given for a 

 similar action. In chronic catarrh much the same treatment 

 is recommended as in the acute form of the disease. 



Balsam copaiba, and turpentine in small doses are recom- 

 mended. 



Irrigation of the Bladder. Irrigation of the bladder, which 

 is easy in the dog, in order to remove infections and irritating 

 matter, is of great importance in cystitis. In the male animal 

 a catheter is passed into the bladder, and the urine is allowed 



