TYPHUS OF DOGS 581 



completely paraly/ed, swollen and of darkbluish color. A 

 very unpleasant, peculiar odor is emitted from the mouth. 

 As the disease progresses, the degenerative and necrotic 

 processes continue until in many cases the ulcers become 

 confluent, forming extensive ulcerative surfaces. The tongue 

 usually in the later stages is dry, chapped, loses its sensitive- 

 ness, and becomes necrotic or gangrenous. Necrosis of the 

 lip is observed in some cases, usually most prominent at 

 the commissures of the mouth. Palpation over the region 

 of the stomach, which often induces vomiting, produces 

 marked pain. Manipulation of the bowels is also painful in 

 most cases. Constipation is present during the early period 

 of the disease to be followed later by diarrhea. The dis- 

 charges from the bowels are mixed or streaked with blood, 

 and emit a very offensive odor. The mucous membrane of 

 the rectum is inflamed and shows degenerative changes. 

 The conjunctiva shows similar discoloration to that of the 

 mouth (brownish-red), strongly injected, but the absence of 

 a purulent discharge. The temperature does not rise, as 

 a rule, at any stage of the disease. With the appearance 

 of depression and coma the temperature falls rapidly to 

 subnormal, the rule in this disease. There is no cough 

 and in most cases no indication of lung involvement until 

 the later stages of the disease, when in some cases acute 

 edema, or a foreign body pneumonia producing dyspnea 

 develops. The urinary secretion is nearly always dimin- 

 ished or suppressed. Nervous symptoms of excitement and 

 convulsions are occasionally observed, but in most cases 

 somnolence, lassitude and coma are characteristic. Modi- 

 fication of these symptoms may be found, depending upon 

 the severity of the condition. 



Diagnosis. There are some very characteristic symp- 

 toms which materially assist in establishing a diagnosis 

 the sudden and persistent vomiting, the inappetence, the 

 presence of ulcerations on the mucous membranes of the 

 mouth, the great depression, the character of the vomitus, 

 the characteristic injection of the conjunctiva, and the 

 normal or subnormal temperature. A differential diagnosis 

 must be made from canine distemper. In canine distemper 



