green at the rate of 4 to 8 oz. to 50 gallons of the bordeaux 

 mixture can be used with perfect safety. Arsenate of lead 

 is an excellent though somewhat costly poison. The cheap- 

 est of all is the arsenite of lime prepared by dissolving 1 lb. 

 of white arsenic and 4 lbs. of sal soda (carbonate of soda, 

 washing soda) in one gallon of water by boiling in an iron 

 vessel 15 minutes or till the arsenic dissolves, leaving only 

 a little muddy sediment. Add the water lost in boiling 

 and use one pint of this, .stock solution to each 40 gallons 

 of bordeaux mixture, or if the latter is not employed, add 

 2 lbs. of freshly slaked lime in order to prevent all danger 

 from burning. 



It may be feasible, possibly advisable, in clean or- 

 chards where there is little fungus and few insects, to omit 

 this spraying and make the second spraying at the time 

 when it will be of most service in destroying the codling 

 moth or apple worm. This insect is too well known to 

 need description. ]\Iost fruit growers are familiar with the 

 fact that it can be controlled successfully only when the 

 trees are thoroughly sprayed within a week or 10 days 

 ^er the blossoms have fallen. The aim qf this treatment 

 is well known. It is simply to fill the up-turned blossom 

 en4 of the apple with poison, since both investigation and 

 experience has shown that such spraying is most effective 

 in checking this pest. There has been more or less differ- 

 ence of opinion as to what kind of a spray should be used. 

 Some have advocated the employment of an extremely fine, 

 misty spray which can be relied upon to float through the 

 tree and not only fall upon the up-turned blossom end of the 

 apple, but cover every exposed leaf surface. Others have 

 claimed that better results can be secured by using a coar_se 

 spray. The latest addition to our knowledge comes from the 

 far West, in a recently published article by Prof. 

 A. L. Melander of Pullman, Washington. This gentle- 

 man claims that the codling moth can be controlled 

 best by throwing a driving spray through Bordeaux noz- 

 zles, at a pressure of about 200 lbs., straight down into the 

 up-turned blossom end of the young apple. A good exten- 

 sion with the nozzles set at an angle and an elevated tower, 

 so that the operator can get close to and above the blos- 

 soms, are essentials to success. One such' application, ac- 

 cording to Prof. Melander, destroys the first brood and 

 thus insures practically 100 per cent, of clean fruit. He 



