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that they merit most careful consideration and, should they 

 ^accomplish nothing more, raise a grave question as to 

 whether we have been suflEiciently thorough in our spraying 

 for the codling moth. There is a vast difference between 

 .50, 60 or 75 per cent, of worm-free fruit and 95 to 99 per 

 cent, of perfectly sound apples. Aside from the cost of 

 spraying it costs no more to grow a good apple than a 

 wormy, gnarly specimen, and if there is a probability that 

 one spraying applied as directed above, can give such mag- 

 nificent results, let us by all means subject the proposition 

 to a practical test. 



A large percentage of our fruit growers, we fear, in 

 actual practice, fall far below the standards outlined above. 

 Some attempt, and possibly wisely, to secure a greater de- 

 -gree of protection from codling moth injury by making a 

 second application a week or ten days later and then give a 

 third treatment the middle or the latter part of July. This 

 last spraying finds its justification in the fact that the cod- 

 ling moth lays its eggs upon the surface of both the leaves 

 and fruit and that the young larvae feed more or less 

 thereupon. It is applied at this time for the purpose of 

 catching young larvae of the second brood. Careful ex- 

 •periments by Prof, Ball of Utah, however, have shown that 

 the major protection against the second brood is to be 

 found in such thorough spraying that very few or no first 

 brood larvae survive. This is such an obvious proposition 

 that no argument is required to support it. The trouble 

 has been that most fruit growers have assumed it to be im- 

 possible to do such thorough work in the spring as to prac- 

 tically prevent injury by either the first or second brood. 

 ^The results obtained by Prof. Ball several years ago, and 

 the more recent ones of Prof. Melander described above, 

 agree very closely and serve to emphasize the importance of 

 most thorough spraying shortly after the blossoms fall and 

 before the calyx lobes have had an opportunity to close. 



The system of spraying outlined above, is designed to 

 Control most of the important insect and fungus enemies of 

 the fruit grower. There are certain insects at least, which 

 are not amenable to such treatment. The well known oyster 

 and scurfy bark lice, while probably controlled to a certain 

 extent by applications of lime-sulfur washes, are much 

 •easier checked by spraying with a dilute kerosene emulsion 

 «or whale oil soap solution the latter part of May or early in 



