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■June at the time the minute, yellowish or reddish young are 

 crawling over the bark, and before there has been an oppor- 

 tunity for the secretion of the wooly, waxy material which 

 soon mats down, forms a protective scale and thus makes 

 it more difficult to destroy the pests. 



The well known apple maggot or railroad worm comes 

 in this category. It is very familiar to many fruit growers 

 of this section and displays a marked partiality for the 

 earlier sweet fruit, though it also occurs to some extent in 

 the sour, winter varieties. The parent insect is smaller 

 than the house fly and with brown-marked wings. The 

 female deposits her eggs under the skin of the apple, 

 through minute slits, consequently it is impossible to check 

 this pest by the application of insecticides. The best that 

 •can be recommended at the present time is the prompt de- 

 struction of fallen fruit, giving special attention to the 

 early, sweet varieties preferred by this fly. The fruit should 

 either be buried deeply or, better still, fed to stock from day 

 to day. It should not be allowed to lie on the ground or in 

 piles for any time, because the small maggots are likely to 

 escape, enter the ground, remain there over winter and be 

 ready another spring to iay eggs upon the next crop of 

 fruit. 



Another insect which should be mentioned in this con- 

 nection is known as the fruit tree bark beetle or shot-hole 

 horer. This pest displays a marked preference for sickly 

 peach and plum, though it has been known to attack ap- 

 parently healthy, vigorous trees. This condition is most like- 

 ly to obtain where large numbers of beetles have issued 

 from sickly or dying trees. There has been considerable 

 trouble with this insect in the Niagara section of Ontario, 

 •Canada. We are inclined to believe this outbreak to be the 

 logical outcome of earlier injury by San Jose scale. We 

 ■know that this scale killed many trees in that part of the 

 •country and thus produced conditions very attractive to the 

 l)orers. The little, dark brown parent beetles, only 1-16 

 •of an inch long or thereabouts, are capable of flying consid- 

 erable distances and can presumably invade healthy or- 

 chards at some distance from the original breeding place. 

 Obviously, one of the most effective methods of checking 

 this pest is to cut and burn all sickly or dead wood prior to 

 the appearance of the beetles in the spring, say before April 

 first. Trees already infested by the insect should be severe- 



