145 



has very little or no insecticidal value. Therefore, a clear 

 solution, so far as commercial preparations are concerned, 

 is the most profitable investment. A variation of 1° on the 

 Beaume scale means a difference in value of about 40c. if a 

 50 gallon barrel giving a Beaume reading of 33° is worth 

 $10.00. 



There are conditions where it may not be advisable to 

 employ the lime-sulfur wash, as for example, in the vicin- 

 ity of painted dwellings or fences. Furthermore, some par- 

 ties are very susceptible to the caustic action of a lime-sul- 

 fur wash. The miscible or so-called "soluble" oils, now 

 on the market under various trade names, require dilution 

 only before application, and have given very successful re- 

 sults in the hands of some growers. They are certainly 

 worthy of trial under conditions named above. Injurv from 

 some of these materials has been reported from time to 

 time, though at least one manufacturer claims that nothing 

 of the kind has occurred in recent years when the applica- 

 tions have been made according to directions. It is never- 

 theless safer to use a material which can hardly cause injury 

 under any conditions, and which appears to give more satis- 

 factory results, all things considered. These reasons lead 

 us to give a marked preference to the lime-sulfur com- 

 pounds. 



CODLING MOTH 



The codling moth is one of the most ancient enemies of 

 fruit. It is surprising how well satisfied certain fruit grow- 

 ers are to obtain 50 to 60 per cent, of worm free apples. 

 There have been in recent years some very strong statements 

 made in favor of employing a rather coarse spray and an 

 unusually high pressure in an effort to drive the poison into 

 the lower calyx cavity, that is, the cavity below the stamens. 

 It is hardly necessary to remind fruit growers that after 

 the white petals have dropped we have the green calyx 

 lobes and within a ring of numerous upright, slender sta- 

 mens surrounding the central, fleshy pistil. Below the sta- 

 mens and at the base of the pistil there is an appreciable cav- 

 ity. This is the place, according to some authors, where 

 the poison must be put if we would obtain fairly satisfac- 

 tory results. One writer has even gone so far as to state 

 that if spraying is not done in this manner, the small apple 

 worm is fairly safe, since it rarely feeds before it gets down 



