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into the lower cup and that the poison sprayed on the out- 

 side will therefore not affect it. The claims for this method 

 of spraying were so strong that the problem seemed one 

 worthy of careful demonstration, and the writer therefore 

 planned and conducted a series of experiments for the pur- 

 pose of obtaining data upon this proposition. 



Nearly ideal conditions were found in the large, young 

 orchard of Mr. W. H. Hart, Arlington, N. Y. The thrifty 

 trees were about 15 years old, 15 to 18 feet high and 30 feet 

 apart. Each plot included 42 trees, six in a row one way 

 and seven in a row the other way, the central six being 

 experimental trees and invariably Baldwins, though some 

 of the barrier trees were Northern Spys. The actual exper- 

 imental trees were carefully selected to obtain uniformity 

 in size, fruitage and infestation as far as possibel. There 

 appeared to be a moderately uniform codling moth infesta- 

 tion throughout the orchard, an opinion sustained later by 

 the results secured. Our plan was to make comparisons 

 between a coarse, driving spray such as that produced by 

 a typical Bordeaux nozzle with a pressure of about 150 

 pounds, and the finer, misty spray of a Vermorel nozzle 

 with a pressure of approximately 125 pounds. A Friend 

 nozzle was used as one of the better representatives of the 

 Vermorel type. There were comparisons betAvcen single 

 sprays of each of the above mentioned kinds, applied just 

 after the blossoms fell, between two sprays of each kind, 

 one given just after the blossoms fell, and the second just 

 before the sepals closed, and finally, between two such 

 sprays and a* third applied to both of the plots alike, with 

 a Friend nozzle the last week in July for the purpose of. 

 destroying the second brood. The same nozzle was used 

 in midsummer on the two plots receiving three applica- 

 tions, because in this later spraying there was no necessity 

 for trying to drive the poison to the bottom of the calyx 

 cavity, and we simply employed the nozzle which gave the 

 most satisfactory distribution of the insecticide. 



The Bordeaux nozzles were set to give a maximum of 

 rather coarse spray which would not break up into fine 

 drops till about six feet from the nozzle, and a special effort 

 was made to drive the poison straight down into the tip of 

 every young fruit, the nozzle being held about 18 to 24 

 inches from the tips of the branches so far as possible. This 

 coarse spray penetrated to the middle of the tree and re- 



