147 



peatedly passed the stamens, collecting in the lower cavity, 

 especially during the first application at the time the sta- 

 mens were fresh. Later the stamen bars had withered a lit- 

 tle and an examination showed that the dried tips of these 

 organs were very likely to become entangled and present a 

 most effective barrier to the passage of the insecticide. In 

 practice it was found much more difficult to cover a tree 

 with the Bordeaux type of nozzle than it was with the much 

 broader and more evenly distributed spray delivered by 

 the Friend nozzle. The difference was so marked that much 

 greater care was necessary to secure equally thorough work 

 with the Bordeaux nozzle, though it should be noted that the 

 penetration from the Vermorel nozzle was not as greal, even 

 in the case of the first application at a time when conditions 

 were most favorable. The spray was applied by practical 

 orchardists working under expert supervision, a special ef- 

 fort being made to cover the entire tree, and particularly to 

 hit the tips of the young apples with the spray. 



The trees \xere sprayed with 5 1-4 lbs. of Grasselli's 

 arsenate of lead, and 10 lbs. of copper sulfate to each 150 

 gals, of spray, enough lime being added to neutralize the 

 copper sulfate as determined by the Ferro-cyanide test. 

 The first application was made May 20, the second iMay 31 

 and the third July 28. Two check trees were left in the vi- 

 cinity of the experimental plots. 



The fruit developed very satisfactorily throughout the 

 season, aside from somewhat severe injury by plantlice, a 

 factor hardly affecting the experiments with the codling 

 moth, though possibly reducing the percentage of wormy 

 apples, as will be pointed out later. Dropped apples were 

 collected September 13 and 14, carefully sorted and classi- 

 fied, and the fruit picked October 5 to 7 and likewise care- 

 fully sorted. It should be noted at the outset that the 

 dropped fruit from the various experimental plots gave 

 from 14.91 to 26.67 per cent, of wormy fruit, while the two 

 cheek trees had 73.91 and 81.02 per cent, respectively, of 

 ^vormy fruit. These percentages, appljnng only to the 

 dropped fruit, are mostly interesting since they corroborate 

 a Avell known fact, namely, that a large proportion of the 

 dropped fruit is wormy. 



A study of the results as a whole, is extremely inter- 

 esting. We find that the three plots sprayed with a Friend 

 nozzle produced 98.81 to 98.99 per cent, of worm free fruit, 



