I50 



be made. We are satisfied that most excellent results can 

 be obtained where conditions permit the use of only moder- 

 ate pressures. 



It should not be understood that the above conclusions 

 are unsubstantiated by other data. An outline of these 

 investigations was submitted at the recent meeting of the 

 American Association of Economic Entomologists. At that 

 session Prof. Rumsey of West Virginia stated that he had 

 obtained practically the same results, while Prof. Sander- 

 son of New Hampshire declared that our data agreed with 

 his investigations. It has long been recognized by ento- 

 mologists that the first spraying for the codling moth was 

 by far the most important. Some years ago Prof. E. D. 

 Ball of Utah, in an extended paper before the New York 

 meeting of the Economic Entomologists, demonstrated the 

 great utility of this application, not only in preventing 

 infestation by the first brood, but in reducing the numbers 

 of the second by destroying its progenitors. 



A word as to the poison which may be used is perhaps 

 appropriate. Generally speaking, it will doubtless be found 

 that any one of the standard commercial preparations of 

 arsenate of lead, prepared especially for spraying, will give 

 very satisfactory results. This poison should be purchased 

 on a guaranty as to the amount of arsenic contained, since 

 there is considerable variation between the difi'erent brands. 

 It is not particularly profitable for the fruit groAvers to pay 

 for filler. It is the poison he is after. This is one of the 

 safest poisons so far as injury to vegetation is concerned, 

 that can be employed. Paris green will give excellent re- 

 sults provided it is not washed off by rains, while the arsen- 

 ite of lime* is one of our cheapest poisons. These two latter 

 should preferably be used with the Bordeaux mixture. 



Our experience last year demonstrated the necessity of 

 very thorough work if the high percentages of worm-free 

 fruit cited above are to be obtained. One tree in a special 



*Dissolve 1 lb. of white arsenic and 4 lbs. of sal soda (carbonate 

 of soda, washing soda) in 1 gal. of water, by boiling in an iron 

 vessel 15 minutes or till the arsenic dissolves, leaving only a little 

 muddy sediment. Add the water lost in boiling and use 1 pt. of 

 this stock solution to each 40 gals, of water, to which 2 lbs. of 

 freshly slaked lime have been added or, and the latter is vastly 

 preferable, a pint of the stock solution m.'iy be added to 40 gals, of 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



