i66 



not only once but several times. In many of the Western 

 states he is required to spray by law, and any fruit injured 

 by insects is immediately destroyed. Until we do more of 

 this work, we shall not reach the point where we will pro- 

 duce only first-class fruit. 



Pumps can be secured from the small bucket pump, 

 adapted to the grower of two or three trees and a few fruit 

 bushes, up to the 10-horse power gasoline engine and triplex 

 pump outfit, adapted for spraying large woodland areas. The 

 type most generally used and of the greatest service is the 

 barrel pump, and in my experience I have found the sub- 

 merged barrel to be the most effectual and powerful. An 

 outfit should be chosen which Mall give the best agitation and 

 at the same time produce pressure enough to carry the stream 

 to any height desired. This can be secured in the submerged 

 type, and with a little care a pump of this description should 

 last a lifetime. 



Next to the pump we consider the hose, and it has been 

 the general opinion of late that 1-2 inch cotton covered rub- 

 ber hose, fitted with long-tail couplings and clamps, will 

 stand the work much better than any other kind. With this 

 a common gas pipe extension, eight or nine feet long with 

 a nozzle on the end, will complete the outfit. For nozzles, the 

 disc type, a creation of recent years, will produce the best 

 spray with the least trouble. 



In all spraying operations extra fittings and small tools 

 should always be at hand. A break is liable to occur at any 

 time, and unless means for repairing the same are available, 

 much valuable time is likely to be lost. 



INSECTICIDES. 



The greatest difficulty with the uninitiated seems to be 

 the lack of knowledge of insecticides. Much of the informa- 

 tion which the grower is able to secure comes from experi- 

 ment station bulletins, which in many cases are not very 

 definite in facts. As relating to various insecticides, even 

 the experts have been fighting more or less amongst them- 

 selves; but in the future, as the insecticides and fungicides 

 are being improved, the operation of spraying will become 

 much more simplified. I will endeavor to give you the re- 

 sults of fifteen years ' work in the field, and my recommenda- 

 tions for controlling some of the most injurious insects. 



