30 



not wish to spend my time nor take yours in talking about 

 those with which you are most familiar, but we will spend 

 most of our time on those of which less has been said. 



One of the forms that is common I wish to speak of be- 

 cause of some new facts that have been found out. The 

 codling moth is doing as much damage in the West as it is 

 in the East. It is a pest which we find, of course, everywhere 

 in New England. We find, also, that the wood-peckers are 

 ^ery busy attacking it in the winter months and these wood- 

 peckers should be encouraged.. In the fall the caterpillar 

 makes an excavation in the bark in which it winters, and 

 about the last of May changes to the moth whicii comes out 

 and passes to the tree. It now lays its eggs on fruit, leaves 

 or twigs, but mainly on the twigs. The moth tiies at night 

 -and is not attracted by light. It lays its eggs from ihe last 

 of May until the fifteenth of June. These eggs hatch about 

 three weeks later, and this period — about the last of June — is 

 the time for a second spraying. Sixty-five to 80 per cent, of 

 the caterpillars enter the apple at the blossom end; the otli- 

 ■ ers at any point. After the feeding is over, the caterpillar 

 comes to the surface, generally not at the blossom end, 

 makes its exit and burrows under the bark, crH\ds in there 

 and stays until the next year. A few do not do this but 

 transform at once to the adult and lay eggs which produce 

 a second crop of moths. Spray just after the blossoms have 

 fallen and while the lobes of the calyx are still spread apart 

 so that the first meal the caterpillar gets will be the poison. 

 After the calyx lobes grow together, it is too late to spray 

 successfully. The material to spray with has been somewhat 

 changed. Formerly Paris Green was used, but arsenate of 

 lead is now taking its place in spraying for the codling 

 moth. It seems advisable to spray first about one week 

 after the petals have fallen but before the calyx lobes close 

 .after which there is an interval before the second spraying 

 for this insect, which should be about the last of June. The 

 arsenate of lead should be used at least as strong as two 

 pounds in fifty gallons of water. This would be for thorough 

 work, but it would be safer to use two and one-half or three 

 pounds in fifty gallons of water. This can be used with Bor- 

 deaux mixture. The second spraying should be applied 

 about the last part of June instead, two weeks after the first 

 as was formerly advised, and as a result of the two spray- 

 ings, we find that most of the apples which would be other- 



