55 



sulfur solution a\id the Bordeaux mixture both held the 

 scab down to about six per cent, of the crop, while prac- 

 tically all of the unsprayed fruit was scabby. The plot 

 sprayed with the commercial solution had the lowest per- 

 centage of scabby fruit (2.2 per cent.), but this was probably 

 due to a difference in the plots and not in the fungicides. 

 Plot 1 contained medium sized trees easily sprayed, while 

 the trees in plots 2 and 3 were large and rather difficult to 

 spray with the outfit used. 



It would seem from these results and those obtained 

 in previous experiments that the efficiency of the lime-sulfur 

 solution as a remedy for apple scab could no longer be 

 questioned. 



The Satisfactory Experience of Orchardists 



A large percentage of the Virginia apple orchards were 

 sprayed with the lime-sulfur solution during the past sea- 

 sou. We personally examined some of these orchards and 

 have had reports from many of them. In every case, so far 

 as we have been able to ascertain, the results were satis- 

 factory both as to the control of diseases and as to the 

 effect of the spray on fruit and foliage. In the early part 

 of the season there were a number of reports of injury to the 

 young leaves, but in no case did this prove to be serious. In 

 the Yellow Newtown orchards where bitter-rot is a serious 

 factor the lime-sulfur solution was used in the early treat- 

 ments for scab and leaf-spof, and this was followed by ap- 

 plications of Bordeaux for bitter-rot. This plan was en- 

 tirely successful, the russeting of the fruit having been 

 avoided and the bitter-rot diseases controlled. 



In one orchard, which had been sprayed with the lime- 

 sulfur solution, a small percentage of the fruit had a sun- 

 burned appearance. Brown sunken spots from one-half inch 

 to one inch in diameter occurred on the upper or sunny side 

 of the fruit. This is probably due to the action of the sul- 

 fur in hot. dry weather. The same injury occurred in our 

 experimental plots at Siloam Springs, Arkansas, during 

 1909, but it does not promise to be a serious objection to the 

 lime-sulfur sprays. It results mainly from the late spray- 

 ings, and applications made during July and August might 

 cause considerable damage especially in hot, dry seasons. 



