56 



Conclusions 



The evidence obtained from various experiments con- 

 ducted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and several 

 of the experiment stations, as well as the Avork of orchard- 

 ists, seems to Avarrant the following conclusions: 



Bordeaux mixture often russets the fruit and injures 

 the foliage of many varieties of apples and its use in the 

 early part of the season should, therefore, be avoided as ' 

 much as possible. 



Lime-sulfur solution, diluted so as to contain four 

 pounds of sulfur in each fifty gallons of spray, is a good 

 substitute for Bordeaux mixture in the treatment of apple- 

 scab and some other diseases, and will not materially russet 

 the fruit nor injure the foliage. The concentrated solution 

 may be purchased from the factory and diluted at the rate 

 of 1 1-2 gallons to 50 gallons of water, or it may be pre- 

 pared at home. 



This fungicide Avill control apple scab, fruit spot, leaf- 

 spot and cedar rust, fully as well as Bordeaux mixture, but 

 has not yet proved to be as satisfactory for bitter-rot. 



Arsenate of lead may be safely and successfully used 

 in combination with the dilute lime-sulfur solution for the 

 control of the codling moth and other insects. 



For the control of apple scab, leaf-spot and the codling 

 moth the following course of treatment is recommmided. 

 Use the commercial lime-sulfur solution at the rate of 1 1-2 

 gallons to 50 gallons of water or the home-boiled solution 

 diluted so as to contain 4 lbs. of sulfur in each 50 gallons of 

 spray. To each 50 gallons of the mixture add 2 lbs. oC 

 arsenate of lead for the control of the codling moth. 



Spray the trees (1) after the buds push out just bo- 

 fore blooming; (2) as soon as the petals fall, beginning when 

 they are about two-thirds off; (3) two to three weeks later; 

 and (4) nine to ten weeks after the petals fall. In some 

 seasons, especially on bad scabbing varieties, it may be nec- 

 essary to make an additional application a week or ten days 

 after the petals fall in order to secure full protection against 

 this disease. 



