61 



Team it out and keep it smooth aud clean on the inside. 

 It will help a great deaL 



One of the most important things of all is to clean 

 out the pumps every night. That is the base, the work 

 which counts the most in the whole day, and a half hour or 

 fifteen minutes spent on the pump, pumping clean water 

 through your pump every night will save you a whole lot 

 of time. You never have any trouble in the morning then, 

 and everything is ready to go ahead with. If you leave 

 sediment there you find that the valves and everything 

 are all clogged up and it will make you a whole lot of 

 trouble. Have a good outfit all the way through. 



The cost of a spraying outfit isn't very much and it 

 doesn't pay to try to save on that end of it. Now, this 

 lime-sulfur I spoke of a few minutes ago can be made 

 Avith live steam, and in Canada at the present time they are 

 using direct fires under it a good deal. They are taking big 

 wooden boxes about two feet deep and four by six in di- 

 mensions and nailing a piece of sheet steel on the bottom 

 of them, making a brick or concrete arch and putting the 

 fire directly under. This makes a very satisfactory and 

 cheap outfit. AYe are installing a boiler to cook eight bar- 

 ,rels at a time and use log wood. It doesn't take such small 

 wood as does a steam plant, and any person that can build 

 up a fire can go ahead and make up your spray. 



The next .spray for apple trees used to be for the cod- 

 dling moth, but now the experiment stations are recom- 

 mending an early spray. I noticed in a talk this morning 

 on bees one man said that a wet, rainy season he hadn't 

 got the apple crop which be expected, and he laid it to 

 the lack of bees. Now. this may be another question. 

 "When the weather is rainy and bad at this time of the 

 year, which is before the blossoms pollen ate. just before 

 they open, they stand for several days with the stems all 

 exposed, and if the weather is rainy and bad at this time 

 thore is a fungus which attacks the small stems of the ap- 

 y'''^, and kills them. AW this, of course, will prevent the 

 apple bloss'oms from pollenating and it is often called lack 

 of pollena^ion and it is blamed on to everything else but it 

 is caused by this fungus disease which kills the blossoms be- 

 fore they are open. I know you can go in orchards and find 

 them in handfuls under the trees, with this fungus disease 

 plainly showing on the little stems of the apples, and this 

 as a very serious thing. The stations recommend a good 



