15 



Dell University to be but few nozzles that meet this require- 

 ment. A very clever device known as a "sprayograph" has 

 been devised by my colleague, Professor H. W. Riley for 

 testing nozzles. All nozzles should be set on the pole at an 

 angle of about 60 degrees. For dormant spraying one 

 efficient nozzle to each pole is all that should ever be used. 

 More are wasteful. For later sprayings two nozzles on tow- 

 er pole may be effectively used but never more than one on 

 the pole on the ground. 



Hose. Field experience has shown that in spraying 

 large trees, two men, no more no less, may work to advan- 

 age with each rig but only when proper length of hose etc. 

 are provided. For the man on the tower the length of free 

 hose should about equal the length of the pole, 12 to 14 feet, 

 with a length of 8 to 10 feet to bring the hose to the top of 

 the tower, a total length of 20 to 25 feet. For the man on 

 the ground a length of at least 40 to 50 feet is required. 

 The hose should be of as small a diameter as possible, of the 

 best material, etc. so as to be of as light weight as may be. 

 -■Large heavy hose are never to be tolerated. They interfere 

 directly with efficient work. 



Poles. For the man on the tower a pole not less than 

 12 ft. long is required for effective work while 14 to 16 ft. is 

 far better. The lightest bamboo compatible with necessary 

 Srtrength should be used. The inner pipe should be of brass 

 or aluminum firmly fastened so it will not turn inside the 

 bamboo. The operator can spray effectively only when he 

 can turn the nozzle in any direction at will. Iron gas pipe 

 poles should never be tolerated. The pole for the man on 

 the ground should never exceed 10 or 12 ft. Longer poles 

 cannot be used effectively among the branches. 



Tower. No apple tree after it is five years old should 

 be so small as to be effectively and efficiently sprayed from 

 the ground alone. The spraying of a bearing orchard should 

 certainly never be so attempted. The saddle type of tower 

 here shown (Fig. 1) has many advantages over other types. 

 Make one and find out. Height is the primary requirement. 



