39 



use a boy to pump, though [laughter]. I think that is a 

 good outfit for a small place. There are other good pumps 

 en the market. 



MR. ROBBINS OF LANESBOROUGH. In spraying 

 just before a rain, do you get all the benefit you need at the 

 instant of the spraying, so that itmakes no difference wheth- 

 er the rain washes your spray off right afterwards or not 1 



DR. WHETZEL. No. In the first place, the rain does 

 not wash the spray off. That is a delusion some of you gen- 

 tlemen labor under. If the mixture has dried only a very 

 small quantity will be washed off. In the case of Bordeaux 

 mixture an exceedingly small percentage, but in lime-sulfur 

 perhaps a large amount. Of course, if it all were washed 

 cff in the first few minutes of rain it would be worthless, be- 

 cause it must be on the foliage during the rain when the 

 fungus is germinating, therefore if you wait imtil after the 

 rain starts, infection has already taken place and the spray- 

 ing is worthless. To be effective it must be a mixture that 

 will stick to the foliage during the rain in sui^icient amounts 

 to kill the fungus. The very fact that lime-sulfur does con- 

 trol it is evidence that it staj^s on and is not washed off. 

 Now, if lime-sulfur does not have time to dry a much larger 

 percent will be washed off, if there is a driving rain a much 

 larger percent would be washed off when the rain came. 

 But the ideal condition would be to have the mixture on so 

 that it would have half an hour or so in w'hich to dry be- 

 fore the rain strikes it. But since the spores are being shot 

 during the rain, after the rain starts, it would be more pro- 

 fitable to put it on even in the rain. 



MR. FLOYD OF TOPSFIELD. I would like to ask 

 the Professor in regard to spraying outside of the trees or 

 under the trees, 



DR. WHETZEL. Well, in the first place, as I pomted 

 out to you, the greater part of the spraying should be done 

 from above the tree, that is, outside of. the tree. The man 

 should be on the tower established well enough above the 

 bulge of the tree so that he can freely use all the pole to 



