52 



off, so I abandoned that from experience; and I find that 

 with me it holds good with apples, except the very hardy 

 varieties. 



There is a growth after the first of July on my youni? 

 apple trees. I have always found it so and the summer 

 pruning is dangerous on weak trees, young trees, simply be- 

 cause it induces them to put in their growth after the time 

 you prune them. You snip off a branch and the tree says, 

 '■] have lost something and I must go to work and make 

 tliat up," and it goes right to work to produce a new growth. 

 If it is the first of August it will start a new bud, 

 I have seen them do it, and those buds don't get hard enough 

 after that season of the year to stand the winter, which may 

 go twenty below zero. In the spring is the time to cut off 

 the raspberries and blackberries to the height you want 

 them. But we are not talking about raspberries at all. Go 

 ahead Avith your trees. (Laughter and applause). 



PROFESSOR JARVIS. That point is just exactly 

 what I have tried to explain, that any late growth is always 

 the result of some unnatural condition. Now, our friend 

 here says that by pinching back the top in July you get a 

 late fall growth. Well, that pinching back is the cause of 

 that condition and we will always get more or less growtVt 

 after that pinching back or summer pruning is done. There 

 fore I recommend doing it as early as possible to avoid that, 

 or to give the tree a better chance to harden up its wood be- 

 fore the cold weather comes. There is no reason why an ap- 

 ple tree won't have plenty of time from that time on to 

 harden up its wood. Many of you people have seen the 

 second growth of trees as late as August, the middle of 

 August, and yet it has hardened up all right. Just two 

 years ago I happened to watch some trees which were serious- 

 ly injured by Bordeaux mixture, and those trees lost a large 

 proportion of their foliage and the second growth came out 

 that ripened up, with no winter injury whatever. That 

 occurred much later in the season than we usually practice 

 summer pruning. Wherever you find the late growth, as I. 



