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apple trees merely the fancy of a disordered mind? We 

 cceasionally hear some enthusiast claim that a Baldwin is a 

 Baldwin ; that there are no differences ; that the present-day 

 R. I. Greening is no different from the Greening whicn 

 originallj^ stood in New England. Whether this is so or not 

 I would like to question. If it is true the individual will not 

 be hurt neither will the trees be hurt in any way and wc 

 shall know definitely whether to search further in this prob- 

 lem. It is to my mind then necessary to determine first 

 whether there is a difference in apple trees, or whether they 

 are unlike any other tree with which we are dealing. If we 

 look at the lemon, orange or grapefruit we now find that the 

 growers of these fruits have recognized marked differences 

 in yield and other characters in certain varieties of these 

 trees, not differences in varieties for those are realily rec- 

 ognized and are conceded to be of very great import. No 

 man would undertake to plant NewtoAvn Pippin here and ex- 

 pect to grow^ an apple as he might in the Virginias ; no man 

 would undertake to grow Shockley or Yates in New Eng- 

 land; they belong in the Southern limit of apple production, 

 yet these differences are so striking that they are accepted 

 on their face; we are used to them. Are there not differ- 

 ences just as striking among the individual trees in our or- 

 chards which we have not accepted for the simple reason 

 that they have not been impressed upon us ? 



We have a little statistical data which has been collect- 

 ed through the energy of Mr. Shamel in California in con- 

 nection with oranges, lemons and grapefruit. Permit me 

 to direct your attention to this report which is found in the 

 Proceedings of the Forty-first California State Fruit Grow- 

 ers' Convention, August 1912. The work has now been in 

 progress for three j^ears and some rather astonishing and 

 striking facts have been disclosed in regard to the variation 

 among citrus fruits and especially in regard to the 

 characters of bud variation. It may be stated here by the 

 opponents of the theory of differences that bud variation 

 should promptly be excluded. To my mind a bud variation 



