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starting the men to pick the 3-ineh size and put them into 

 the barrel and head it up ; this, of course, is uniform fruit ; 

 the tree had been thinned where there was an excess, but 

 wherever the crop is not excessive we do not practise thin- 

 ning. We secure, however, a certain amount of uniformity 

 which is a decided asset when one come to the picking sea- 

 son and the rush which attends it. In addition to the '3 

 barrels mentioned there were four which were somewhat 

 less or which were taken off at the second picking. 



We have a currant patch which averaged 6 pounds of 

 fruit per bush during the past year, yet certain individual 

 bushes in the same bore 21 pounds, in other words, there 

 are a number of tops and a number which are below the 

 average in yield. I think from this discussion we can realize 

 that it does not matter whether it is apples, lemons, oranges, 

 grapefruit, currants, pears or any other crop ; there are a 

 certain number of average individuals and there are some 

 which are above and some below ; there are runts and board- 

 ers in an apple orchard just as surely as there are runts and 

 boarders in the cow stable. The case is proven in so far 

 as that is concerned. 



The next point is how can we distinguiseh the individ- 

 uals and we know of no other means than statistical records 

 of the products. The product recorded for 3 or 5 years is 

 a safe indication in many cases of the possibilities of the in- 

 dividual ; this would isolate the best and also the worst. 

 The next factor to consider is whether the individual will 

 transmit. In this connection I may say that if a certain 

 individual which was 100 or 150 per cent above its fellows 

 .should produce a race which was 15 per cent better than the 

 previous average that I should consider it a satisfactory and 

 wonderful advance. We never secure as large an average 

 advance as we have individual advance, but any such gain 

 as this would be adequate to make this a very important fac- 

 tor in orcharding. We have propagated from a number of 

 individual trees of different varieties. Taking the Baldwin, 

 and in fact, the same is true of all varieties, a certain indi- 



