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iials ; in other words, we are at the present time propagating 

 from three individual trees, all of them of the best strain of 

 Bosc and all excellent individuals and to us it seems that 

 they are showing ability to produce a good tree and are 

 from heavy producers. To what extent they will reproduce 

 the latter power, of course, we are not yet aware. We have 

 a number of orchards planted from individual trees ; in some 

 cases we have these top-worked ; in others we have the young 

 trees themselves. Our earliest records will be secured from 

 varieties which have been top-worked on others. Here wc 

 f nd that Greenings which have been selected because they 

 were green and maintained their green color, and because ot 

 imiformity in size and ability to yield are transmitting those 

 characteristics. We have Greening trees which are four 

 years top-worked which this year bore 182 anl 179 fruits and 

 every tree bore some fruit, from 40 apples up to this num- 

 ber. The tree number is 3.15. The Baldwin, 3.03 has also 

 shown ability to make a rapid growth and come into bearing 

 early ; in other words, we have a large number of trees which 

 are four years top-worked which have borne a nice lot of 

 apples this year. Incidentally, I may say that I am not at 

 all in favor of top-working. We find that this merely de- 

 lays bearing instead of causing the trees to bear earlier; in 

 addition, it is a considerable amount of work and very un- 

 satisfactory. It will often take three years in order that 

 all of the block of trees may be worked over. It results in 

 dwarfing the tree and on the whole is detrimental. It 

 does not matter whether the top-working be done in the or- 

 chard or in the nursery row, the evil results of excessive 

 pruning are apparent in both cases. In one block of Hub- 

 bardston which we top-worked we found a remarkable vari- 

 ation in the color of the wood produced, that is, on some 

 trees the wood would be of a light-broMTi color, and on others 

 a reddish-brown. There was so much difference that we 

 finally decided to select a certain type for all future propa- 

 gation in order to get more uniformity. What caused this 

 breaking-up? I do not know, whether it was the influence 



