47 



general observation confirms this conclusion especially re- 

 garding certain species of native plums. 



Professor Waugh's studies in pollination also included 

 the apple. The method of procedure was essentially the 

 same as with the plums. Of the varieties studied, Baldwin, 

 Esopus, and Fameuse showed some degree of self-fertility, 

 while Ben Davis, Rhode Island Greening, King, Spy, Red 

 Canada, Wealthy, Westfield and Williams proved to be self- 

 sterile. 



In the spring of 1898 Prof. Lewis' * of the Oregon 

 Experiment Station began the investigation of the apple. 

 His method was practically the same as that of Professor 

 Waugh except that in each case the bags were removed 

 from one half of the cluster when the pollen was ripe and 

 the pistils of the flowers were hand pollinated, using the 

 pollen from the enclosed flowers. The bags were then 

 returned to keep out any foreign pollen. The remainder of 

 the bags were left untouched until the petals had fallen, at 

 which time all of them were removed. In addition to this 

 work in self-pollination much work was also done in cross- 

 pollination. Altogether results were secured from 87 

 varieties, 59 of which were found to be self-sterile, 15 self- 

 fertile and 13 partially self-fertile. 



Of the varieties important to the New England fruit 

 grower Baldwin, Ben Davis, Esopus, Fameuse, Grimes and 

 Newton were either self-fertile or partially so, while Graven- 

 stein, Jonathan, King, Maiden Blush, Rhode Island Green- 

 ing, Tolman and Wealthy were self-sterile. 



The only difference between the above results and those 

 obtained by Prof. Waugh are a larger set of fruit in the 

 self-sterile sorts and self-fertility of the Ben Davis which 

 was reported self-sterile by Prof. Waugh. This difference 

 only serves to emphasize the statement that the degree of 

 self-fertility of any variety is subject to variation depending 

 upon vigor, location, season, etc. 



Senator Dunlap **one of the large fruit growers of 

 Illinois says that in his state where there are many large 

 orchards of 40 to 80 acres of a single variety seldom or never 



*Ore. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 104. 

 ♦♦2nd. An Rept. Mo. State Board of Hort. 



