133 



without breaking up the series and destroying the steadiness 

 and regularity of the fruiting. 



TABLE V. 



Influence of Cwltttral Methods, with and without Fertilization, on 

 Steadiness of Yield. 



(Yields in bushela per acre annually, for 7 yrs., in Expt. 221.) 



Average 

 Treatment 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913* last5 yrs. 

 bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. 



1 Covercrop 



alone 23 467 195 505 202 481 525 381.7 



2 Mulch alone 29 221 215 391 246 439 527 363.8 



3 Covercrop 



& Manure 117 145 493 216 612 188 654 436.8 



4 Mulch & 



manure 84 215 493 526 621 413 753 561.4 



5 Covercrop & 



Ftlzr. 129 122 639 118 573 161 826 463.4 



6 Mulch&Ftlzr. 38 199 409 560 370 416 693 489.7 



*The 1913 yields are based on the Spy alone, since the Bald- 

 wins were seriously and irregularly affected by frost. 



These and other results apparently demonstrate the 

 feasibility of obtaining practically annual crops from such 

 supposedly refractory biennial bearers as the Baldwin, 

 York Imperial, Spy and Tompkins King, provided the con- 

 ditions are made right. They also indicate that where 

 annual tillage is followed, it should be done with double- 

 action discs or cutaways, or their .equivalent, in preference 

 to the regular plows, wherever the soil conditions will per- 

 mit. '• ' ••■,'. 



EELATIVE INFLUENCE OF. CULTURAL METHODS 

 AND FERTILIZATION ON YIELD. 



As apple trees become older, and their yields are in- 

 creased, the need and influence of proper fertilization 

 usually become greater. In most cases, this results sooner 

 or later in the fertilization influence surpassing that of 

 cultural methods. . 



Data on this are available in another of our experiments 

 on Volusia silt loam, in Lawrence County north of Pitts- 

 burgh. This is in the famous Johnston orchard in which 

 we have obtained such remarkable results from fertilization. 

 The variety is Baldwin, now 25 years of age, and planted at 

 the rate of 48 trees to the acre.' The mulching and tillage have 



