86 The Garden. 



out of the reach of air, or too shallow to expose them to drought." 

 If the holes are made sufBciently large and deep, so as to have 

 the roots surrounded, when the plant is in its place, by well pul- 

 verized surface mould, a tree should not be planted more than an 

 inch deeper than it stood in the nursery. The object in trans- 

 planting cabbage, brocoli, &c. is, by checking their growth, to 

 throw them earlier into flower or head. Trees are frequently 

 transplanted in their young state, by nurserymen, purposely to 

 abridge their long roots, and to increase their root fibres. They 

 are therefore in the best condition for final planting, after they 

 have been one year transplanted, and done well, in the nursery. 

 They are then removed with nearly their entire roots. 



" Scientific Principles of Stkiking. 



" By certain experiments, not by any means praiseworthy, 

 yet, beyond all question, it has been proved that, if the head of a 

 snail or earth-worm be cut off, the body will not only live for a 

 considerable time, but a new head will be reproduced, with a 

 mouth capable of taking food. By similar experiments it has 

 been found that the legs of spiders and the feet of frogs, when 

 cut off, are reproduced. 



" Upon a similar principle, when the roots of certain plants, 

 which are to them what the head is to animals, are cut off, new 

 roots may, under peculiar circumstances, be reproduced. The 

 chief condition required for the reproduction of such roots, is 

 the preservation of their life, till the roots have time to form, and 

 various expedients are resorted to with this view, as well as for 

 the quick production of their roots. 



" Striking by Layers. — The common mode of striking by 

 layers is to select a branch, to slit, tongue, or cut it half through, 

 in a direction sloping upwards, or to take off a ring of bai'k, or 

 pierce it in several directions with a brad-awl, or twist a wire 

 round it, to bring the part operated upon in the earth, leaving the 

 point above ground, and to fix it in its place by a crotched stick. 

 The descending pulp, otherwise called elaborated sap, or cam- 

 brun, is stopped short by the cut, in its passage toward the root, 

 rood buds are formed by it, which soon send out roots into the 

 moist earth, and when these are deemed strong enough to feed 

 the plant, the branch is cut off a little below, and the tree in 

 miniature is ready for planting out. The soil should not be too 

 damp, lest the cut part canker. 



" Scientific Principles of Grafting. 



" When the finger is cut with a knife, the blood-vessels soon 

 contract their cut extremities into an opening so narrow, that the 

 thicker and red part of the blood cannot pass, and the bleeding 

 herefore ceases. But even then there oozes out the thin watery 



