The Fruit ajid Kitchen Gardens, near Paris, 51 



the Montreuil mode, as are likewise the branches from the un- 

 der side of these ; but the branches for fllhng the centre are 

 reversed till they are brought to an angle of 45°, thus forming 

 right angles with the main branches from which they spring. 

 By this mode, there are no upright branches, and consequently 

 no unequal competition between such and those in a depressed 

 position, requiring the frequent application of the knife, to 

 maintain the balance of force in the flow of sap. That mode 

 of training, must be good in principle, which gives a position 

 to the branches that will ensure an equal distribution of sap, 

 with the least possible interference by the knife. In the mode 

 under consideration, the branches occupying the centre have 

 an elevation of 45°, whilst those produced on the under side 

 of the main branches have only 20° ; but the latter are al- 

 lowed two years' growth, before the former are allowed to 

 spring; besides, the branches from the upper side, although 

 they have a greater elevation, yet in them the sap has to turn 

 at an angle of 90° from its direction in the main branches ; but 

 from these main branches, the lower diverge at an angle of 

 not more than 35°. The sap will accordingly pass more rea- 

 dily into these, than into the others, where it has to turn at a 

 right angle. The trees under training, according to this mode, 

 are not so far advanced as to furnish absolute proof of its 

 merits, but it will doubtless answer. The same principles 

 were adopted many years ago. with trees that had proved un- 

 managable under the Montreuil system, in a rich border in 

 the Society's Garden, at Chiswick. 



" Amongst various other forms for training the peach, some 

 trees were set off with two stems, like the letter U, from the 

 outsides of which, branches are trained horizontally. In one 

 of these, the two lowest horizontals are continuations of the 

 two main stems ; and from the upper side of these, about 18 

 inches apart, shoots are trained upright and parallel, from 

 which all the other horizontal branches proceed ; also, from 

 both sides of these horizontals, bearing shoots, about 18 inches 

 apart, are trained with an inclination forwards. By this mode, 

 it is sometimes difficult to maintain an equal degree of vigor 

 in both sides of the tree. 



"Another tree is intended to be trained with a wavy cen- 

 tral stem. When in the state of a young shoot, this stem is 

 bent first to the left, then to the right; and where it coramen- 



