TheFruU and Kitchen Gardens, near Paris. 53 



agement has been properly attended to. Keeping the taper- 

 ing form in view, it consists in cutting each shoot a little 

 shorter than the one immediately below it, taking care to cut 

 to a bud situated on the side of the shoot towards that direc- 

 tion in which it would be most desirable the prolongation 

 should proceed. Shoots that are too vigorous for the rest, are 

 not cut to a bud on the upper side, but to one situated below. 



" Some trees appeared to be much admired by every one, 

 on account of the introduction of another feature of regularity 

 in training, besides that of a merely tapering contour. These 

 had what is called a tutor., — that is, a straight perpendicular 

 stake, to which the stem is trained: and from the top of this 

 stake, five wires are stretched to as many equidistant points, 

 on a hoop near the ground, or in one instance to five short 

 stakes. These wires represent the angles of a five-sided pyr- 

 amid — a pyramid apparently fifteen feet high, on a pentago- 

 nal base. Branches are trained directly from the stem to 

 each of the wires. In order to convey some idea of these 

 trees, one may imagine five upright trellises or screens pro- 

 jecting from a central upright, forming the partitions of as 

 many equal recesses, widening outwards. The branches form 

 such partitions with good effect as regards regularity ; and, 

 when they become ornamented with leaves and fruit, the whole 

 must prove an interesting sight. The trees had a fruitful 

 appearance. 



" Instead of the branches radiating from the stem, in fiive 

 directions, it might be found more convenient to train them 

 out to four points, say east, west, north, and south. It may, 

 however, be observed, that, in the pear tree, five buds form a 

 spiral, once round the shoot or stem ; or, in other words, sup- 

 posing the leading shoot to be perpendicular, every fifth, tenth, 

 fifteenth, &c., bud will be in the same vertical plane. There- 

 fore, if the number of buds between one branch, and that next 

 above it, be always a multiple of five, the branches, radiating 

 in each of the five directions, will originate exactly above each 

 other. 



" The trees above described, had been formerly grown as 

 pyramids, in the usual way, with branches extending promis- 

 cuously; but M. Cappe is of opinion, that, by commencing 

 with a young tree, the tutor and wires may be dispensed with. 



