22 CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XI. 



GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



Influence of the stock — Of the scion — The season — The wax — 

 Methods — The cleft — Gerffe a im seul rameau, dont une partie du 

 sujet est coupee en biseau — The crown — Tubular budding with dor- 

 mant eyes — The peg — Greffe sylvain, renewal, side, whip — Greffe 

 ferari de Thouin — Grafting fruit-spurs — Inarching — Greffe mor- 

 ceau — Common inarching, in the axis of the leaf, square bud, tu- 

 bular bud — Greife en ecusson — The budding-^nachine — For 

 immediate fruiting — Renewal — Grafting the vine — Midsummer — 

 Embryonic 364 



CHAPTER XH 



THE PRODUCTION OF NEW VARIETIES. 



Change in the vegetable world — Effect of climate, soil, and position — 

 Cultivation, degeneracy, or deterioration — Decrepitude — Methods 

 of production — Selection — Van Mon's theory as distinguished from 

 it — Cultivated fruits not descended from their mild types — Impor- 

 tance of securing seed from a young tree — Hybridization — Exper- 

 iments of Kolreuter, Herbert, Knight, Gaertner, Lindley, Purkinje, 

 Mirbel, Adolphe Brogniart, Conrad Sprengel, Cassini, Alphonse de 

 CandoUe, Schleiden, Fritsche, Thwaites, Mr. Rogers — Manner of 

 operation 384 



