CHAPTER III. 



CLASSIFICATION AND ADAPTATION OF SOILS. 



SECTIOy I. CLASSIFICATIOX OF SOILS ; SECTION II. ADAPTATION TO 



DIFFEKENT mUITS VARIETIES OF TIFE APPLE, APRICOT, BEKEERRT, 



CHERRY, CURRANT, FIG, GOOSEBERRY, GRAPE, PEACH, AND NECTARINE 



VARIETIES OF THE PEAR, PLUM, QUINCE, RASPBERRY, STRAWBERRY. 



SECTION I. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS. 



TN arranging soils according to system, we shall 

 adopt, as the most simple, that which was used 

 by Loudon. The classes are formed from the pres- 

 ence or absence of organic or inorganic matter in 

 their bases ; therefore they are divided into primi- 

 tive and secondary earths. These classes are sub- 

 divided according as they are founded on saline, 

 metallic, or carbonic matter : the genera, on the 

 principal earths, salts, metals, or carbon; species, 

 on different mixtures ; varieties, on color and tex- 

 ture ; sub-varieties, on moisture, dryness, richness, 

 or lightness. Mr. Loudon observes : 



" Li naming the genera of soils, the first thing to 

 discover is the prevailing earth or earths; either 

 the simple earths, as clay, lime, and sand, or the 

 particular rocks from which the soil has been pro- 

 duced, as granite, basalt, etc. Where one prevails, 



