MATERIALS FOR DRAINING. 



115 



tree in a soil which is thoroughly drained ; (A) 

 the surface soil; (B) the subsoil, which has now 

 been much deepened, and has encouraged the roots 

 to roam in its substance; (C) is that part of the 

 subsoil above the drain which is rendered wet by 

 capillary attraction ; (D) is the stagnant water, 

 which has been reduced three feet by the drains 

 which are upon its surface. 



Therefore, at a depth of four feet or more, the 

 roots have a source of nutriment and moisture 

 beyond the reach of a drought. 



5. The materials which should he used in draining. 

 The fact must be kept in mind, in laying a drain 

 for an orchard, that the trees are to remain for 

 years, and therefore it would be folly to adopt a 

 superficial method, which might answer for an an- 

 nual crop. The question for the fruit-grower to 

 ascertain is, what materials do, and what do not, 

 make a superficial drain. Is this the case with 



