154 MANNER OF TRENCHING. 



poorly cultivated. At the close of the second season, 

 the trees upon (a) clothed themselves from top to 

 bottom with rich shoots, and bore some fine fruit. 

 Pears of the Winter Nelis variety weighed nine 

 ounces, and several of them seven ounces, while 

 some of his Duchesse d' Angouleme weighed from 

 twenty-two to twenty-seven ounces. Those upon 

 the second lot prepared had much the same ap- 

 pearance as those upon (a) the first year ; and those 

 upon (c), the ploughed land, continued to look 

 sickly and slender, and throwing out but here and 

 there a spindling shoot. In the fifth season the 

 crop from (a) was sufficient to pay the original 

 cost of the whole orchard. That upon the second, 

 though one year behind (a), were yet very good ; 

 while the trees upon the ploughed soil were little 

 larger than when they were transplanted. 



How shall the soil he pulverized ? The most 

 thorough mode is that performed with the spade. 

 A trench of the requisite depth, and two or three 

 feet in width, is opened across the lower side of the 



land to be worked. This is represented in the dia- 

 gram by [a), the earth being thrown out to [c). 

 Also the surface-soil of the next space (b) is thrown 



