320 



STANDARD TRAINING. 



gressing a blossom bud, while (b, h) are already 



such, known by their 

 plumpness, and from 

 early spring these buds 

 exhibit signs of active 

 vegetation ; but in(a) the 

 surrounding scales re- 

 main undisturbed until 

 late. The scar at (c) is 

 where a portion of the 

 spur which bore fruit 

 has been cut back, at the 

 winter pruning ; after 

 (&,6)have produced, they 

 also are cut back to buds likely to form at their 

 bases, as did those at that of (c)." Unless this was 

 done, decay would commence in the old spur, and 

 spread among the tissue of the wood, until the 

 whole spur was destroyed. 



The causes which render it necessary to train 

 the pear against walls in England, are not of force 

 in this country. The summer is of such warmth 

 as to perfectly mature the fruit without the aid of 

 artificially radiated heat, and the standard is gen- 

 erally preferred. 



Standard training. A bud of one year's growth 

 will, of course, be a straight shoot, having buds 

 from the base to the extremity. As the sap always 

 seeks the highest point, those buds which are at 



