WINEGLASS TKAINING. 323 



way refractory trees can be forced to become fruit- 

 ful. With these excej)tions the style has no prac- 

 tical value, as all bearing trees assume this habit, 

 more or less, with age. 



Wineglass training. The permanent arms, which 

 are five, start from a point about 

 eighteen or twenty inches from the 

 ground. These are not allowed to 

 make any minor branches. The 

 shoots, as they make their appear- 

 ance, are shortened back to three or 

 four leaves, to encourage the forma- 

 tion of fruit-buds. The terminal 

 eyes are allowed to extend at will, and are cut back 

 at the winter pruning to one or two eyes — suffi- 

 cient to secure one for a shoot the next summer. 

 If the tree is very vigorous, the shoots should not 

 be pinched too severely, else it will cause the fruit- 

 buds to become transformed into wood-buds, and 

 grow; but they are permitted to extend, and are 

 then shortened at the winter pruning. It is urged 

 in favor of the above, that in violent winds the 

 branches have full sweep to swing without interfer- 

 ing with each other, and the spring given from so 

 long a limb gives so easy a motion as to hold the 

 fruit fast, while it combines all the advantages of 

 the pyramidal or standard pruning. On the other 

 hand, it is contested that the weight of the fruit 

 upon the terminus of these limbs, at such a distance 



