THE UNICORN MOTH. 441 



green ; and the rest of the body brown, variegated 

 with white. It has two broods during the season ; 

 but, as they are generally small in number, they 

 seldom do sufficient injury to produce a noticeable 

 effect (Harris). 



(8) The Canker Worm — PJialaena vernafa : Peck. 

 In the male moth of this species the atennae have 

 a narrow, almost downy, edging on each side, 

 scarcely perceptible to the naked eye. The wings 

 are large and thin. It is ash-colored, variously 

 marked with white. The female is wingless ; the 

 atennae short, slender, and naked. These insects 

 rise from the ground, where they have undergone 

 their transformation, in the autumn and winter in 

 small numbers ; but the larger part of them do not 

 come forth until about the middle of March. The 

 females advance toward the nearest tree, and climb 

 slowly up the trunk. The winged males flutter 

 about, and accompany them. The female deposits 

 upon the limbs of the tree from sixty to one hun- 

 dred eggs, glues them together, and dies. These 

 eggs hatch early in the succeeding May. The 

 larvae attack generally only the foliage of the apple 

 and the elm, but occasionally the cherry and the 

 plum. These worms vary exceedingly in color, — 

 from green to dusty brown, and blackish. At full 

 size they are about an inch in length. 



A month after their appearance, they stop feed- 

 ing, and leave the trees, creeping down the trunk, 



