APPLE MIDGE AND CODLING MOTH. 453 



sons allow their swine to run in the orchard during 

 this period, and pick up the apples as they drop 

 ( Westiuood). 



(2) The Apple Mid(ie — Molabrus mali. The flesh 

 of an apple which has been attacked by this little 

 insect becomes spongy and dry, with deep fissures 

 perforating it. It is probable, although not alto- 

 gether certain, that the fly deposits her eggs at the 

 calyx, or flower-end of the fruit, and that the worm 

 then perforates to the core, where it becomes a 

 pupa. The dampness of the apple seems necessary 

 to aid the fly in its transformation ; as Mr. Fitch 

 found that the exposure of the insect to the air re- 

 sulted in the immediate arrest of its grow^th. They, 

 of course, spin no cocoon in such a position, but 

 surround themselves with a peculiar glutinous 

 matter (Fitch). 



(3) The Codling Moth — Tinea pomonella, Linn, 

 Pijralis Pomana : Fabr. This moth appears the 

 latter part of June. " The fore wings are crossed 

 by numerous gray and brown lines, scalloped like 

 the plumage of a bird ; and near the hind angle 

 there is a large, oval, dark brown spot, the edges of 

 which are of a bright copper color. The hind 

 wings and abdomen are yellowish brown." It lays 

 its eggs upon the calyx, or flower-end of the fruit ; 

 the moth generally selects early varieties. The eggs 

 hatch in a few days, and the worm burrows in the 

 core, from which he bores a hole to the side of the 



