STAGNATIOIT FROM TRANSPLANTATION. 465 



Mr. Berkeley, in a paper published in the Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle, says : " Where moisture has been 

 long withheld from a plant, the vitality descends so 

 low that it is miable to endure a sudden or extreme 

 change. Under such circumstances, if water is too 

 rapidly admitted, it stagnates, and therefore reduces 

 the quality of those supplies on which the develop- 

 ment of buds or adventitious roots depend. This 

 may cause decomposition. Or it may carry noxious 

 matter into the circulation " (if the water was ap- 

 plied at the roots) "in such abundance as to act as 

 a putrefactive ferment upon tissues already in a 

 weak and languid condition. If the foliage flags, 

 the power of evaporation will also be diminished. 

 Mr. Knight found that shading and moistening the 

 bark of trees long removed from the soil was better 

 than supplying water directly to the roots. The young 

 and tender bark partially performs the functions of 

 the leaves, and in some succulent plants supersedes 

 them. By judicious moistening, the vitality of the 

 cellular tissue is gradually restored to its former 

 strength, and the consequent formation of new roots 

 at length enables the plant to sustain itself under 

 ordinary cultivation." 



4. Canker of the Apple Tree — Carcinodes mali. 

 This disease is not confined to the apple, but is here 

 more frequently seen. It attacks the pear, as well 

 as almost all the cultivated fruits, and results, when 

 not constitutional, from one of three causes. 



