460 General Notices. 



reasons are obvious, and those who well understand the propagation of the 

 cuttings of these two broad classes can easily appreciate them. Autumn 

 possesses a less capricious atmosphere than spring, and there is a much 

 greater amount of ground heat, which is a great essential ; the trees, more- 

 over, will endure the necessary check much better at this period, and if the 

 operation is performed under proper conditions, they will be, in a great de- 

 gree, recovered by the period of germination. It may not be generally 

 known that much may be done by way of anticipation in preparing large 

 trees for removal ; and the course we have to recommend is, to perform the 

 check by instalments. We advise, then, that a trench be immediately ex- 

 cavated to the bottom of the ball, in the case of evergreens, at about six 

 inches farther from the main stem than the ultimate size of the ball intended 

 to be removed. Those who have leisure may perform the operation at 

 twice, doing one half the circle now, and the other half a fortnight hence. 

 This will be found to have checked all propensity to late and immature 

 growths, and to have accelerated the rest period, thus giving the tree a 

 longer period for recovery. It will, moreover, induce the formation of a 

 new set of small fibres in the interior of the ball, which will act immediately 

 the tree is removed. Deciduous trees or shrubs should not undergo the op- 

 eration until the beginning of September, and they will be in a fit state for 

 removal by the last week of October ; whereas the evergreens may be 

 planted in the early part of that month. — {Id. 1847, p. 559 ) 



Preparing for Winter. — The time has arrived when every gardener who 

 wishes to manifest an acquaintance with his profession will be looking round 

 the sphere of his operations to see what is to be done in reference to the 

 approaching cold season. His head must be employed, and his hands ac- 

 tively engaged from the present time up to Christmas, when probably rain 

 and frosts may keep him in-doors. Neglect now will be productive of fatal 

 results, for gardens in the present day are as full of exotics as of indigenous 

 productions, and various differences of treatment are demanded for the pres- 

 ervation of the stock until another year. Begin your perambulations, then, 

 at once, and let nothing escape you, in the kitchen garden, the flower gar- 

 den, the shrubbery, and the greenhouse. Let your observation be extended 

 to the future, and carefully mark what is to be done. 



In the kitchen garden you must decide at once what plots of ground you 

 will leave fallow, to be thrown up in ridges during the winter, that the soil 

 may be pulverized and ready for early crops ; and what portions you will 

 plant and sow at once. Seed beds of cauliflowers, cabbages and lettuces 

 should be finished immediately. According to your probable wants must 

 be your supply of young cabbages, to be cut young, and others to remain 

 till the spring and summer. Spinach may still be sown ; also some onions. 

 Some cultivators recommend parsnip sowing at this season in preference to 

 the spring ; and ii would be well to try the experiment, if you have not done 

 so. Do not neglect to leave a piece of ground for autumn-planted potatoes, 

 as the advantages of the plan are so well attested, provided proper precau- 

 tions are taken as to soil, mode of planting, &c. All broccolis and winter- 

 greens must be earthed up as a means of promoting growth, and guarding 



