STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79 



THE DEVELOPMENT. 



Insects come from eggs, which the female with parental care de- 

 posits on or near the food plant, that her progeny when born or 

 hatched may find their food. Most of the larvie (that is the insect 

 in its second stage) feed on plants. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE TREE ATTACKING THE ROOTS OF 



THE TREE. 



The apple root plant-louse (Schozotiewra lanigera). This insect 

 sucks the juices of the roots causinoj thereby wart-like swellings in 

 different shapes. They take away a great deal of our nourishment 

 from the tree ; when abundant will cause death to young trees. 



Remedies. Scalding hot water poured freel3^ on the roots, after 

 being laid bare, will destroy the insect entirely. This insect has 

 several enemies, which help to check its depredations. 



ATTACKING THE TRUNK. 



The round-headed apple-tree borer (Saperda Candida). The 

 female deposits her eggs near the base of the trunk, the young larvae 

 hatch in two weeks and at once make their way through the outer 

 bark, into the wood of the trunk. It makes flat, shallow cavities in 

 which it lives three years before it changes into a pupa. By the long 

 duration of its larva state it causes great injuries to the tree. It 

 may easily be detected by its castings, which fall from the cavities. 

 While it is partial to the apple tree, it also attacks pear, cherry and 

 shade trees. 



Remedies. Scrape the bark, where the castings are, in August 

 and September and you will find the larva ; wash the place with 

 alkali or a solution of potash. It has been proved that the female 

 of this beetle will not lay her eggs on trees, treated in this way. 



The flat-headed apple tree borer. This enemy may easily be de- 

 tected by the discoloration of the bark. This beetle is common 

 everywhere, east, south and west. It is a very active creature ; it 

 likes to bask in the hot sunshine, and when disturbed takes wings. 

 The female lays her eggs under the bark in the crevices. The larva 

 after hatching bores into the sap-wood, where it scoops flat channels 

 and when full grown changes to a beetle. 



Remedy. Cut the beetle's larva out and wash the wound with 

 strong soft soap and solution of soda. 



