4 Permanence and Evolution. 



naturalists have been strict Darwinians, yet 

 nearly all have been evolutionists of some 

 kind or other ; they have all believed that 

 species, genera, and larger divisions originated 

 the one from the other, by the agency of known 

 causes acting now, which is the main point. 

 A man who fancies that they were trans- 

 muted through causes not now in operation, 

 is not a real evolutionist, but an advocate of 

 permanence, who, to his scientific belief in per- 

 manence, chooses to join an odd cosmogonical 

 guess, avowedly outside the limits of induction. 

 While these new evolutionists are really the 

 extreme opposite of the American polygenist 

 school which immediately preceded them, in 

 some important respects they have an odd 

 agreement, so that many (Broca, Vogt "Lec- 

 tures on man," Ed. Hunt, Blyth, " Annals and 

 Magazine of Natural History " * " Land and 

 Water," f early volumes) passed from one to the 



* First Series, vol. xix. p. 102. t Vol. ii. p. no. 



