Permanence and Evolution. 5 



other. They both agree that what are called 

 varieties and species differ in degree only ; but 

 one school made varieties lesser species, the 

 other made species (not to say higher divisions) 

 only better marked varieties. They both had 

 the tendency in common to oppose the con- 

 fused and conventional notion of species (though 

 Darwin is reduced by the necessities of his 

 argument, while in general making the dis- 

 tinction appear small, when he wishes to prove 

 that pigeons or fowls are not derived from 

 several stocks, with great inconsistency to build 

 up the very distinction he has before been 

 pulling down). Still, in general, the two agree 

 in that, and whatever else becomes of Darwin's 

 labours, the conventional notion of species, 

 which includes together all domestic cattle and 

 all human beings, and at the same time sepa- 

 rates the wolf from the jackal, can never be 

 built up again. 



In fact, the conventional idea of species 



