Permanence and Evolution. 41 



that now, probably, they are not more likely to 

 be confounded than any of them is with the 

 bison. Each of these is divisible into a- number 

 of races : about those of the Eastern form 

 nothing can be said as to their origin, but as to 

 European cattle rather more can. 



There have been found in the Swiss Lake- 

 dwellings the bones of three forms of ox, 

 called respectively Bos primigenius, trochoceros, 

 and longifrous. Trochoceros is supposed by 

 Rutimeyer, but without positive evidence, to 

 be a domestic variation of primigenius, while 

 longifrons is completely distinct, thus making 

 two original stocks ; whereas Nilson considers 

 all three distinct. Primigenius is supposed 

 to be the prototype of the large Dutch or 

 Flemish cow, closely allied to our short-horn ; 

 while longifrons appears to resemble the little 

 Alpine cow a very characteristic race. 



But these identifications would seem to be 

 rather vague, for Rutimeyer, on being shown 



