Permanence and Evolution. 47 



grandparents are not given, and, since he came 

 from a frontier district, at a time when 

 methodical selection had only just begun, there 

 is every likelihood that he was crossed with the 

 short-horn breed which he resembled. 



There remains only to speak of the cattle of 

 South America, derived from Old World stock. 

 It would be very interesting if Spanish American 

 cattle, sheep, etc., were examined and compared 

 by some one well acquainted with the breeds of 

 the Old World. This has never been done, and 

 it is rather gratuitously assumed that all the 

 domestic races of tropical America are derived 

 from the existing races of Spain ; though there is 

 no improbability in old Spanish races having sur- 

 vived in America which have died out at home, 

 and though the relations of Spanish America 

 seem to have been very strong with Africa, of 

 whose breeds we know next to nothing. 



We can therefore attach little or no import- 

 ance to mere statements of the existence of 



