PRELIMINARY CLASSIFIED NOTES 425 



the autumn moult the upper parts are ash-grey, with darker striations. There is 

 a white band above the lores, and the under parts are white, with a faint grey band 

 across the prepectoral region. The fledgling plumage resembles that of the adult 

 in summer, but the hind-neck is grey, and the lateral, outer interscapulars and 

 scapulars are broadly tipped with white. The marginal wing-coverts are dark 

 brown, narrowly margined with white, and the minor and median coverts are pale 

 brown, broadly margined with chestnut. The major coverts as in the adult. The 

 remiges are coloured as in the adult, but lack the white margins to the bases of the 

 outer webs of the innermost primaries, or showing but faint traces thereof. The 

 ear-coverts are pale chestnut, and there is a slight superciliary stripe. The under 

 parts are white, tinged with buff in the prepectoral region, at the sides of which 

 a few heavy striations appear, but striations on the neck and flanks are conspicuous 

 by their absence. In the following spring this dress seems to be exchanged for 

 one wherein the black area on the interscapulars, it is to be noticed, is greatly 

 restricted, forming but a Ungulate median band, making the chestnut more con- 

 spicuous than in the adult, or the earlier plumage. The white on the inner primaries 

 is rather more conspicuous than in the juvenile dress. Fewer wing-coverts bear 

 chestnut margins, and the rufous tinge on the flanks is wanting, but there are no 

 striations as in the adult. The downy young is of a rich, deep chestnut, the crown 

 has a central patch of black traversed with a | [-shaped line of white dots, while 

 the back has irregular black lines answering to disintegrated stripes, relieved by a 

 heart-shaped line of white dots, and a transverse bar of similar dots across the 

 lower back. The " elbow " of the wing is similarly dotted with white. The 

 throat is buff, and the rest of the under parts white, [w. p. p.] 



2. Distribution. The breeding range of this species in Europe includes 

 Northern Norway (the Porsanger Fjord and Tamso) and North Russia. In the 

 latter country it has been found breeding on the Murman coast and the Kola 

 Peninsula, near Archangel, the Lower Petschora, and the Yalmal Peninsula, as 

 well as on Kolguev, Waigatz, and Novaya Zemlya. Buturlin also states that it 

 breeds locally south to the governments of Moscow, Jaroslav, and Perm : while 

 even more surprising is his assertion that in Western Asia it breeds in the Uralsk 

 and Turgai governments. In Northern Asia it is known to breed on the Yenisei 

 and the Taimyr Peninsula, but in Eastern Siberia it is replaced by the eastern 

 form, P. minuta ruficollis. On migration it occurs throughout Europe and Western 

 Asia, wintering in Africa from the Mediterranean coast to Cape Colony, and also 

 visiting the Atlantic islands. In Asia it reaches India and Ceylon, while the eastern 



