318 THE GLOSSY-IBIS 



few nest in Sicily and the Balearic Isles. In the swamps of the lower Danube, 

 however, it becomes more numerous, and there are very large colonies in Slavonia, 

 a few in Hungary, and breeding-places exist in Servia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, and the 

 Dobrogea in Roumania, as well as in South Russia east to the Caucasus. In North 

 Africa it is not common, but has been recorded as nesting in Marocco and Algeria. 

 In Asia it is found in the marshes of Asia Minor and N. Syria, N. Persia, Turkestan, 

 India, and Ceylon. It occurs in many parts of the Malay Archipelago, and has 

 been found breeding once at least in Australia, and is also found in the south- 

 eastern part of the United States. In America its southward limit of migration 

 is not yet clearly known, but in Africa it extends to the Cape of Good Hope and 

 Madagascar. To Northern Europe (Iceland, the Faeroes, Scandinavia, and Finland) 

 it is only a rare casual visitor. [F. c. K. J.] 



3. Migration. A wanderer from Southern Europe, occurring almost 

 annually in some part or other of the British Isles in autumn or early winter 

 (August to November), very rarely in spring. The southern and eastern coastal 

 districts of England are the most frequently visited, and the species is very rare 

 inland as well as on the east coast of Great Britain north of Yorkshire, and on the 

 west coast north of the Bristol Channel (cf. Hartert, Jourdain, Ticehurst, and 

 Witherby, Hand-List of British Birds, 1912, p. 122). But there are a number of 

 records from the eastern seaboard of Scotland, and even from the Orkney and 

 Shetland Islands, while one was recorded from South Uist, Outer Hebrides, in 

 November 1910 : several occurred in Anglesey in 1806, but none have been noted 

 since in North Wales (cf. Saunders, Itt. Man. Brit. B., 2nd ed., 1899, p. 391 ; H. 

 Newton, Field, 10, xii., 1910, p. 1094 ; and Forrest, Fauna of N. Wales, 1907, p. 

 260). There are about thirty-six Irish records, chiefly for October and November, 

 and for the eastern and southern districts (cf. Ussher, List of Irish Birds, 1908, p. 32 ; 

 Ussher and Warren, B. of Ireland, 1900, p. 171 ; and Saunders, loc. cit.). British 

 records frequently refer to small flocks, although in the main, perhaps, to solitary 

 examples ; as many as twenty were observed together hi Orkney from 24th 

 September to 1st October 1907, and of the ten that were shot those examined were 

 all immature birds (cf. H. W. Robinson, Annals Scot. Nat. Hist., 1908, p. 50). 

 Considering that even the summer quarters of the glossy-ibis are no nearer 

 than Andalusia, Slavonia, and the lower Danube, it is very remarkable that it 

 should visit our islands so often as it does, and also reach at times Scandinavia, 

 the Faeroes, and Iceland. Whether this phenomenon is in any way connected with 

 a former wider distribution is too purely a theoretical point to be discussed here. 



