410 THE GREBES 



sparingly in Denmark, and in Russia to the Novgorod, Moscow, and Kazan govern- 

 ments, the Baltic Provinces, Astrakhan, and Orenburg. In Asia it is found in the 

 Tobolsk and Tomsk governments, and on the Lena up to about 64, as well as the 

 lower Amur, and also in the Altai range and Dauria. In North America its breeding- 

 grounds extend over practically all the Dominion of Canada and Alaska. On 

 migration European birds range south to the Mediterranean and the Azores : the 

 Fseroes are visited on passage only ; while Asiatic birds range south to about lat. 24 

 and China ; and in America South California, the Gulf coast, and Florida are visited. 

 [F. c. R. J.] 



3. Migration. A resident in that a few breed in the north of the Scottish 

 mainland and possibly in other localities : otherwise mainly a cold-weather visitor 

 to the coasts of the British Isles, occasionally recorded from inland waters (cf. 

 Hartert, Jourdain, Witherby, and Ticehurst, Hand-List of British Birds, 1912, 

 p. 157). As a winter visitor it arrives between 27th August and 9th September, 

 but sometimes up till October, while passage movements occur between 9th 

 September and 28th November, and between 5th May and 18th June (cf. Clarke, 

 Studies in Bird Migration, 1912, vol. i. pp. 162, 140). As an autumn and winter 

 visitor it occurs regularly on most parts of the Scottish coasts, and is common 

 both in the northern and in the western isles (cf. Saunders, ///. Man. British Birds, 

 2nd ed., 1899, p. 721). In England it is best known on the eastern seaboard, 

 especially in Norfolk, but also in the Humber region, where it has been recorded 

 in August and is frequently met with from September or October to March : on 

 the south and west it is of more irregular occurrence, although met with annually 

 on the coast of Wales and by no means rare as a casual in the Scilly Isles ; there 

 are also records from Oxfordshire and other inland districts (cf. Saunders, loc. cit. ; 

 Nelson, B. of Yorks., 1907, p. 743 ; Forrest, Fauna ofN. Wales, 1907, p. 409 ; Clark 

 and Rodd, Zoologist, 1906, p. 345 ; and Aplin, Zoologist, 1899, p. 441, and 1907, 

 p. 331). It is of frequent occurrence on the north and north-west coasts of Ireland, 

 especially in certain favoured bays, but is rare in the south ; it is met with, mainly 

 singly or in pairs, from September to June, but especially in February ; adults 

 are comparatively often obtained on the spring passage (cf. Ussher and Warren, 

 B. of Ireland, 1900, p. 379 ; and Saunders, loc. cit.). [A. L. T.] 



4. Nest and Eggs. The nesting-site does not differ materially from that 

 of other grebes. Where sheltering vegetation is available it is placed among rushes 

 and water-plants, and consists of a heap of dead water-weeds, as a rule, though 

 in more southern localities bits of reed and in fact any vegetable matter is used. 



