414 THE GREBES 



and the fore-neck reddish brown, the flanks brownish buff, the breast white. 

 The juvenile dress resembles that of the adult in winter, but the sides of the head 

 are more or less conspicuously marked with longitudinal dusky stripes. The downy 

 nestling, at first black, has the upper parts black with longitudinal stripes of pale 

 rufous ; later the black areas become brown, and the rufous stripes become white, 

 [w. P. P.] 



2. Distribution. In the British Isles this species is very widely distributed 

 on most slow-flowing streams, lakes, and ponds, and though less common in the 

 north of Scotland, is found up to Sutherland and Caithness, as well as on the Outer 

 Hebrides and Orkneys, and possibly also breeds in the Shetlands. It is common 

 and generally distributed in Ireland, and is also found in the Isle of Man. Outside 

 the British Isles it is local in Russia, but nests in S. Livonia, the Petersburg and 

 Smolensk governments, Lithuania, and Poland, the Kieff, Kharkov, and Astrakhan 

 governments, and is resident in the Crimea and Transcaucasia (Buturlin). Over the 

 rest of the Continent south of the Baltic it is fairly general south to the Mediter- 

 ranean and most of its islands (Sardinia, Sicily, Cyprus, etc.), and is resident in 

 the south of this district as well as in N. Africa from Marocco east to Egypt. In 

 Asia it breeds in the Central Urals, but Buturlin states that it is replaced by an 

 allied race in Turkestan and Transcaspia, which apparently also breeds from the 

 Euphrates valley to India, Ceylon, Burma, Yunnan, etc., while other forms also 

 replace it in tropical and South Africa, the Malay Archipelago, Australia, New 

 Zealand, and N. America. On migration it has occurred in Southern Scandinavia 

 and the Faeroes. [F. c. B. J.] 



3. Migration. Our own birds are resident and probably non-migratory, 

 except in so far as the freezing of inland haunts compels them to seek the coasts in 

 winter. It also comes to us in small numbers from farther north in the cold season, 

 and in Yorkshire it is described as both a resident and a winter visitor, arriving from 

 September to November ; but in Kent there is no evidence of migration (cf. Clarke, 

 Studies in Bird Migration, 1912, i. p. 55 ; Nelson, B. of Yorks., 1907, p. 747 ; and 

 Ticehurst, B. of Kent, 1909, p. 546). Frequently obtained at the light-stations on 

 the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. [A. L. T.] 



4. Nest and Eggs. The nest is similar in character to those of the other 

 grebes, being a heap of fermenting water-weeds and decaying vegetable matter, 

 with a hollow in the middle almost level with the water. It is generally placed 

 among rushes or water-plants, but sometimes quite in the open or sheltered by 

 branches of trees overhanging the water. (PL LXXVI.) Both sexes take part in 



