438 THE DIVERS 



are spangled with small round white spots. The flanks are black, the under parts 

 white ; iris, carmine ; legs and toes pale lead colour, save the outer surface, which 

 is black. After the autumn moult the upper parts are of a deep ashy brown, 

 lighter on the crown and hind-neck, and inclining to smoky brown on the sides of 

 the neck. The throat, fore-neck, and under parts are white. The juvenile dress 

 is like that of the adult in winter, but all the feathers of the back and the wing- 

 coverts are margined with grey. The downy young is of a sooty brown colour, 

 [w. P. P.] 



2. Distribution. As a breeding species in the British Isles this Diver is 

 confined to Scotland, where it nests in small numbers in Perth and Argyll, more 

 numerously in Inverness and Caithness, and commonly in Ross and Sutherland. 

 It also breeds occasionally hi the Orkneys, Skye, Coll, and more regularly in the 

 Outer Hebrides. It appears also to have nested in the Shetlands. Outside the 

 British Isles it breeds on the Continent in Norway and Sweden; Finland, especially 

 in the north ; Russia, on Kolguev, the south island of Novaya Zemlya, and on the 

 mainland to the Baltic provinces and the governments of Pskoff, Tver, Moscow, 

 Nijni-Novgorod, Smolensk, Kazan, Ufa, and Orenburg, and according to Suschkin, 

 hi the Kirghis Steppes. It also breeds in North Germany (Pomerania and Prussia), 

 and is said to have formerly nested in Bohemia. In Asia it ranges south to 49 J 

 in the Turgai, and 52J in the Tomsk governments and east to Saghalien ; and in 

 America it breeds on the Labrador coast and on the shores and islands of Arctic 

 America to Alaska. In whiter it migrates south to the Mediterranean, Black and 

 Caspian Seas ; hi the Pacific, to Japan ; and hi America casually to Colorado, 

 Nebraska, Iowa, Ohio, and New York. It is also a casual visitor to the Faeroes, 

 but its occurrence in Iceland requires confirmation. [F. c. B. jr.] 



3. Migration. Resident in small numbers in part of northern Scotland (see 

 previous paragraph), more widely distributed as a winter visitor and bird of passage 

 to British coasts, but never common. As a winter visitor it usually arrives between 

 25th October and 25th November (cf. Clarke, Studies in Bird Migration, 1912, 

 p. 162). Even in Dumfriesshire it is uncommon, and chiefly recorded late hi the 

 winter and on the approach of spring (cf. Gladstone, B. of Dumfries., 1910, p. 455). 

 Although uncommon hi Yorkshire, it occurs inland more frequently than the great 

 northern-diver, but is rarer on the coast (cf. Nelson, B. of Yorks., 1907, p. 735). 

 Southwards it becomes rare, but it is known as an irregular visitor to Kent between 

 November and March, while even adults, which are much less frequent than im- 

 mature birds, have been recorded from the English Channel, Devonshire, and Wales 



